After 10 mins of irradiation, small spot developed on the surface of transparent halite crystal whereas after 90 mins of irradiation the spot spread inside the bulk leading to a brown coloration (20 Î¼m initial size to âˆ❂.0 mm final size). The halite crystals were irradiated with 3 MeV proton micro-beam (âˆ❂0 Î¼m beam width with âˆ❈0 PA beam current) for 10 and 90 min to study the radiation damage. Natural halites whose color ranges from transparent to dark blue were studied by UV-VIS and Raman spectroscopy. Halites are one of the interesting material due to its color variations. Sengupta, Pranesh Parlapalli, Venkata Satyam

Ion beam radiation effects on natural halite crystalsĪrun, T. Above this threshold, the growth rate varies as the third power of supersaturation, showing that a new mechanism, controlled by the maximum speed of surface integration of new molecules, induces the hopper growth of cubic crystals in cascade. The transition between cubic and such hopper growth happens at a well-defined supersaturation where the growth rate of the cubic crystal reaches a maximum (âˆ❆.5 Â± 1.8 Î¼m/s). We show that sodium chloride crystals that grow very fast from a highly supersaturated solution form a peculiar form of hopper crystal consisting of a series of connected miniature versions of the original cubic crystal. Here we investigate their growth by performing evaporation experiments on small volumes of salt solutions. The growth of hopper crystals is observed for many substances, but the mechanism of their formation remains ill understood. Tschermaks Mineral Petrogr Mitt 31:339-468 Gornitz VM, Schreiber BC (1981) Displacive halite hoppers from the dead seaĭesarnaud, Julie Derluyn, Hannelore Carmeliet, Jan Bonn, Daniel Shahidzadeh, Noushine GÃ¶rgey R (1912) Zur Kenntnis der Kalisalzlager von Wittelsheim im Ober-ElsaÃŸ. State-of the art per-scene statistics were extended to a per-object statistics. To assess the accuracy of the automated reconstruction, the result before and after SVM was compared to the reference, i.e. From 184 OBIA-objects 67 well shaped remained, which comes close to the number of pre-selected 52 objects. In a second step, all the objects unsuitable for a structural deformation analysis were dismissed using a support vector machine (SVM) (clusters, polyhalite-coated crystals and spherical halites) The SVM simultaneously drastically reduced the number of halites. Thereby, the strength of OBIA was to recognize all objects similar to halite hopper crystals and in particular to eliminate cracks. For the automated reconstruction a rule set was developed. Then, for OBIA, the computer program eCognition was used. First, manually a reference (gold standard) was created by redrawing contours of the halite crystals on each HRXCT scanning slice. The present study represents the first time that the method was used for reconstruction of three dimensional geological objects. Object based image analysis (OBIA) has been used successfully in remote sensing for 2D images before. In the present work, deformed halite hopper crystals embedded in mudrock were automated reconstructed. Obviously, they deformed under oriented stress, which had been tried to reconstruct with respect to the sedimentary layering (Leitner et al., 2013).

the salt deposits of the Rhine graben (mined at the beginning of the 20th century), comprise hopper crystals with shapes of cuboids, parallelepipeds and rhombohedrons (GÃ¶rgey, 1912). Halite hopper crystals are thought to develop by displacive growth in unconsolidated mud (Gornitz & Schreiber, 1984). Leitner, Christoph Hofmann, Peter Marschallinger, Robert 3D-Modeling of deformed halite hopper crystals: Object based image analysis and support vector machine, a first evaluation

Hopper crystals rose quartz